In this episode of Saturday Morning Muse, Andy explores the evolution of financial literacy and the impact of information technology on stock trading. 

He discusses how the telegraph revolutionized communication in the 19th century, enabling faster and more efficient trading. The introduction of the stock ticker further democratized access to market information, but also led to new challenges such as manipulation and speculation.

In this episode of Saturday Morning Muse, Andy explores the evolution of stock markets, focusing on the democratization of equity investments through railroads in the 19th century. He discusses the rise of “the market” as an economic barometer, the impact of the Panic of 1873, the creation of the first stock market indices, and the fundamental shift in understanding investment versus speculation, culminating in the principles established by the “father of financial analysis,” Benjamin Graham.